Mutungamiri weAmerica, VaJoe Biden, vachangobva kuenda kuNorth America International Auto Show muDetroit.Biden, anozvidaidza kuti "Mota", tweeted, "Nhasi ndashanyira Detroit Auto Show ndikaona mota dzemagetsi nemeso angu, uye idzi mota dzemagetsi dzinondipa zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuve netariro nezveramangwana redu."Asi zvinonyadzisa, Biden ndakatora pikicha yangu nemota yemafuta - mota ndiyo 2023 Chevrolet Corvette (paramita | kubvunza) Z06.
Kunyangwe izvi zvakwezva kusekwa kubva kune venetizens neRepublican Party, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti kubva Biden atora chigaro, mitemo yekutsigira yeUS ine chekuita nemotokari dzesimba idzva dzagara dzichigadzira.Biden akavimbisa kuDetroit Auto Show kupa makumi emabhiriyoni emadhora muzvikwereti, kugadzira uye mutero wevatengi uye magrants ekumhanyisa shanduko kubva mukati meinjini yekupisa mota kuchenesa mota dzemagetsi.
Panguva imwecheteyo, akasimbisawo zvimwe zvichangobva kuitwa zvemutemo, imwe yacho iInflation Reduction Act, inotaura kuti United States haizopi rubatsiro rwemotokari nyowani dzemagetsi emabhatiri mapaketi uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa munyika dzakaoma.
Muchokwadi, Biden akanongedza munwe kumabhatiri emagetsi gore rapfuura: “China inogadzira makumi masere muzana emabhatiri emagetsi epasirese.Haana kugadzirwa muChina chete, asi zvakare anogadzirwa muGermany neMexico, obva atumirwa kupasi.Kuona kuti China iri muindasitiri yemabhatiri Nekusimuka kwecheni, Biden akasimbisa FLAG, "China haihwine!Nekuti hativasiye vachihwina.”
Pasi pehutongi hweBiden, musika wemotokari dzemagetsi wekuUS unotarisirwa kuvhurwa zvakabudirira seChina neEurope.Panguva imwecheteyo, United States, iyo inoda kuva ne "zvisungo zvishoma" neChina, inoomerera pakudzora iyo yese itsva magetsi emotokari indasitiri cheni.
■Iyo indasitiri yemotokari yemagetsi inogona "kuparara"?
Biden nguva pfupi yadarika yakasaina "Inflation Reduction Act", iyo ine simba guru kumakambani eChinese nekuisa zvirambidzo zvebhatiri remagetsi parubatsiro rwemotokari dzakachena, dzinoonekwawo neindasitiri se "kubvisa" indasitiri yemotokari dzemagetsi yeUS. .
Bhiri iri rinokurudzira kuenderera mberi nekupa 7,500 madhora emutero kiredhiti kumota nyowani, kubvisa mazana maviri emazana emazana emotokari yekubhadhara chivharo kumakambani emotokari, asi wedzera "Made in America" inodiwa.Ndiko kuti, mota dzinofanirwa kuunganidzwa muUnited States, chikamu chikuru chemagetsi ebhatiri emagetsi anogadzirwa muNorth America, uye chikamu chikuru cheyakakosha mineral raw materials inogadzirwa muUnited States kana neUS free trade partners, uye bhatiri remagetsi. zvikamu uye zvakakosha zvicherwa zvekushandisa hazvifanirwe kubva kune ekunze anonzwa masangano.
Carla Bailo, purezidhendi weCentre for Automotive Research (CAR), akati nezvezvinangwa zviri mubhiri iri: “Kusvika patisina zvekushandisa izvozvi, handifunge kuti nhasi pane chigadzirwa chinoenderana nemwero iwoyo.”
Ichi hachisi chokwadi.Nekuda kwekushomeka kwezviwanikwa zvayo uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kusimudzira uye kugadzirisa kwebhatiri raw materials muUnited States kwave kunonoka.
Pakati pezvigadzirwa zvemabhatiri emagetsi, zvinonyanya kukosha ndeye nickel, cobalt, uye lithium.Global lithium zviwanikwa zvinonyanya kugoverwa mu "lithium triangle" yeSouth America, iyo Argentina, Chile neBolivia;nickel zviwanikwa zvinonyanya kuiswa muIndonesia nePhilippines;cobalt zviwanikwa zvakanyanya kugoverwa munyika dzakaita seCongo (DRC) muAfrica.Iyo simba bhatiri yekugadzira indasitiri cheni yakatarisana muChina, Japan neSouth Korea.
"Bhiri iri richaita kuti makambani matsva emotokari dzemagetsi atsvage mikana yakawanda yekuwana zvinhu kubva kuUnited States kana nyika dzine zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana pachena neUnited States, zvichikanganisa hurongwa hwekugovera zvinhu zvemabhatiri pasi rose.Kufambiswa kweketani yekugovera kunogona kuwedzera mutengo wezvinhu zvebhatiri. "Fitch Ratings North America Stephen Brown, mukuru director wekambani ratings, akataura.
John Bozzella, purezidhendi weAmerican Automobile Innovation Alliance, akataura pachena kuti zvikamu makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvemotokari makumi manomwe nembiri dzemagetsi uye mahybrids ari pamusika weUS hazvichakodzeri.Mushure meNdira 1, 2023, chikamu chidiki che40% chezvigadzirwa uye 50% yezvikamu zvebhatiri zvichaitwa, uye hapana modhi ichakodzera kuwana rubatsiro ruzere.Izvi zvichakanganisa chinangwa cheUS chekusvika 40% -50% yekutengesa mota dzemagetsi panosvika 2030.
Li Qian, munyori weBYD's board of directors, akapindurawo "kubviswa" kwemotokari dzemagetsi muUnited States.Akataura mudenderedzwa reWeChat reshamwari: Ini handisi kuzviona, indasitiri yemotokari yemagetsi inogona kubviswa sei?Muindasitiri yemotokari dzemagetsi, United States ichiri mudiki uye inovimba nekuwedzera rubatsiro kuti itsigire, nepo China yakachinja zvachose kubva kune inotungamirwa kuenda kumusika.
Kutaura zvazviri, kune nyika dzakatotora matanho mberi kwedu uye dziri kunetsana neUnited States.Maererano neSouth Korean media mishumo, mushure mokunge United States ichangobva kusunungura "Inflation Reduction Act", hurumende yeSouth Korea haina kubvumira kambani yeSouth Korea L & F, iyo inogadzira zvinhu zvebheteri yemotokari yemagetsi, kuvaka fekitari muUnited States.
Chikonzero chakapihwa neKorea Ministry of Indasitiri ndechekuti zvinhu, maitirwo uye matekinoroji ekugadzira ane chekuita nemabhatiri ekuchajiswa ndiwo akanyanya kutema matekinoroji anotaridza hwaro hwekukwikwidza kweindasitiri yebhatiri.Kana matekinoroji aya akayerera mhiri kwemakungwa, anozokanganisa indasitiri yeSouth Korea uye kuchengetedzeka kwenyika.
Kubva pamaonero anoshanda, kunyangwe mabhatiri eChinese asingashandiswe, United States icharamba ichivimba nevanopa mabhatiri eKorea munguva pfupi.Pakati pavo, Ford neSKI zvakasungwa zvakanyanya uye vanoronga kuvaka mafekitari makuru matatu ane huwandu hwe130GWh;GM ichavaka mubatanidzwa ne LG New Energy.;Stellantis, LG New Energy uye Samsung SDI vane marongerwo emagetsi mabhatiri.
"Universal yemagetsi mota chikuva inotora LG simba idzva bhatiri"
Kunyange zvazvo mitemo mitsva ine chokuita nemotokari yemagetsi mu "Inflation Reduction Law" isina simba kudarika zvinotarisirwa nemusika, mutemo hausi muganhu wepamusoro pachiyero chekubhadhara uye unovhara zvakajeka makore gumi anotevera, uye kunyanya kwenguva yakareba.
Zvakadaro, Auto Innovation Alliance, mubatanidzwa mukuru wekambani yemotokari dzemuUS, inotenda kuti maererano nebhiri iri, kana makambani emotokari ekuAmerica akada kuwana rubatsiro, zvinotora angangoita makore mana kugadzirisa cheni.Kana ivo vachida kuzadzisa zvizere zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvezvigadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, Kuti uwane rubatsiro rwakakwana, uchafanirwa kumirira kusvika 2027 kana 2028.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti pari zvino, Tesla naGM havasati vanakidzwa nerubatsiro rwe7,500 yuan pabhasikoro zvachose, asi vanogonawo kubatsirwa kana vakazadzisa zvinodiwa zverubatsiro gare gare.Tesla yakazivisa kuti iri kumisa hurongwa hwekugadzira mabhatiri muGermany kuitira kuti akwanise kuwana kiredhiti yemutero weUS.Parizvino, vari kukurukura nezvekutumira michina yekugadzira kuUnited States.
■Makambani eChinese anotambura kurasikirwa kukuru here?
Tesla, aimbova mutungamiri, haasisiri mugadziri mukuru wemotokari dzemagetsi pasi rose.Muchikamu chekutanga chegore rino, BYD yakatengesa 640,000 motokari dzemagetsi, nepo Tesla, iyo yaimbova yekutanga, yakatengesa 564,000 chete, ichiisa yechipiri.
Muchokwadi, Musk akaseka BYD kakawanda, uye akatombopfapfaidza zvakananga mubvunzurudzo, "BYD ikambani isina tekinoroji, uye mutengo wemota wakanyanya kukwira kune chigadzirwa."Asi izvi hazvina kutadzisa Tesla naBYD kuti vave shamwari..Mabhatiri eBlade anopihwa neBYD akaunzwa kuTesla's Gigafactory muBerlin, Germany, sekureva kwevanhu vakawanda vanoziva nyaya iyi.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti hapana nzvimbo yakakwana, zvido zvekusingaperi chete, uye simba idzva reChina neUnited States rakagara rakabatanidzwa.
Mushure memakore ekukurumidza kusimudzira, musika mutsva wemotokari weChina wakagadzira iyo yakazara yakazara maindasitiri cheni sumbu munyika.Kuti vasimbise kodzero yekutaura mumaindasitiri, vagadziri vemabhatiri vanomiririrwa neCATL vachaedzawo nepavanogona napo kuti vawedzere matende avo kune inokwira maindasitiri cheni.Makambani mazhinji ekuChina anopindawo mukusimudzira migodhi yemhiri kwemakungwa kuburikidza nekutora chikamu, kunyora pasi, uye kuva varidzi vega.Ganfeng Lithium uye Tianqi Lithium ibhizinesi rinogadzira mamwe mhiri kwemakungwa migodhi yelithium.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mubhatiri remagetsi epasi rose TOP10, makambani matanhatu eChinese, makambani matatu eKorea, uye 1 kambani yeJapan yave tsika.Zvinoenderana neazvino SNE Tsvagiridzo data, makambani matanhatu eChinese ane chikamu chemusika chakazara che56%, iyo CATL yakawedzera musika wayo kubva pa28% kusvika 34%.
Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika, indasitiri yemotokari dzemagetsi yeChina yapedza budiriro yakazara kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi-kumusoro-kumusoro kwezvicherwa zvicherwa zvichidzika pasi, mabhatiri emagetsi epakati anowana kusimba kwakasimba, uye mabhureki emotokari ezasi anotumbuka kwese kwese.
Uye Biden akatsunga "kusatombo bvisa" kubva ku "bhatiri" repasi rose.CATL yafunga kunonoka kuzivisa fekitori yekuNorth America nekuda kwekunetsana pamusoro pemutauri weUS House, sekureva kwevanhu vanoziva nezvenyaya iyi.Zvinonzi fekitari pakutanga yakaronga kuisa mabhiriyoni emadhora kuti ipe Tesla neFord mota.
Pakutanga, Zeng Yuqun, sachigaro weCATL, akajekesawo: "Tinofanira kuenda kumusika weUS!"Asi ikozvino CATL yakadyara 7.34 bhiriyoni euros mumusika weHungary.
Zvichida, makambani mazhinji achamisa zvirongwa zvavo zvekupinda mumusika weUS kana kuvaka mafekitori muUS.Pakutanga, zvaive zvakanyanya kuomera makambani emotokari eChinese kutumira kunze kwenyika kuUnited States.Pamusoro pekupindira kwezvematongerwo enyika, United States zvakare ine yakanyanya kuomesesa hurongwa, uye makambani emotokari eChinese anogara achirambidzwa.Kubva 2005, zvitanhatu zveChinese mhando dzakaedza uye dzakakundikana.
Muongorori weindasitiri yemotokari anotenda kuti kushambadzwa kwe "Inflation Reduction Act" muUnited States kuchakonzera kurasikirwa kushoma kumakambani emotokari eChina, nekuti makambani emotokari ekuChina haasati adyara mari mumafekitori makuru muUnited States, nemusika wavo. mugove muUnited States ungangoita zero..Sezvo pasina bhizinesi zvachose, mhedzisiro yakaipisisa ndeyekuti haizokwanisi kupinda mumusika weUS.
"Parizvino, kurasikirwa kukuru kungave kutengeswa kunze kwenyika mabhatiri emagetsi, asi makambani ekuChina emagetsi ebhatiri anogona kuvimba nemusika weEurope kuti uugadzirire, uye kuwedzera kwehupfumi kunogona kuunza zvakanakira mutengo kumakambani ebhatiri eChinese."Munhu ataurwa pamusoro apa akadaro.
■United States inogona kudzorera "makore mana akarasika"?
Kubva Trump atora chigaro, mota nyowani dzeAmerica dzakasangana ne "makore mana arasika", dzakapotsa dzamira padanho rezvematongerwo enyika, uye dzakasiiwa kure neChina neEurope.
Kwegore rose ra2020, kutengeswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi muUnited States kuri pasi pe350,000, nepo nhamba muChina neEurope iri 1.24 miriyoni uye 1.36 miriyoni, zvichiteerana.
Hazvisi nyore kuti Biden iwedzere kudiwa kwevatengi nekuwedzera rubatsiro, nekuti zvirambidzo zvakatemerwa neUnited States zvakaomarara, zvichiita kuti zviomere makambani emotokari nevatengi kuwana mari chaiyo.
Pakutanga, mabhiri maviri ekusimudzira akakurudzirwa naBiden akatamburawo zvipingaidzo.Biden paakatanga kutonga, akakanda "mabhomba emambo" maviri rimwe mushure meimwe: imwe yaive yekupa indasitiri yemotokari dzemagetsi chirongwa chekukurudzira chemadhora mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi manomwe nemana kuti vape mari yekushandisa uye kuvaka mirwi yekuchaja, nezvimwewo;imwe yacho yaive yekudzoreredza hutongi hwaTrump.Rubatsiro rwekutenga mota yemagetsi nyowani rwakadzimwa panguva iyi, uye muganho wepamusoro wemari yekubhadhara bhasikoro yakagadziridzwa kuita zviuru gumi nezviviri nemazana mashanu emadhora ekuAmerica.
Yakasiyana nedzimwe nyika, kusarudzwa kwemafuta kana simba idzva muUnited States haisi nyaya yenzira mundima yeindasitiri, asi mamiriro ekunze ane hukama nezvematongerwo enyika.
Semuyenzaniso, pane kupokana pakuti indasitiri yemafuta eUS ine mitemo yakawanda yerubatsiro, yakajairika inova mutero wakaderera papeturu.Sangano rekutsvagisa mudzimba rakaongorora huwandu hwemutero wepeturu pamutengo wekupedzisira wekutengesa, ndokuona kuti United States i11%, uku China iri 30%, Japan iri 39%, uye Germany yakakwira se57%.
Naizvozvo, iyo 174 bhiriyoni yerubatsiro yakadzikira zvakanyanya pasi pekudziviswa kwakadzokororwa kweRepublican Party, uye rubatsiro rwe12,500 rwakaisawo chikumbaridzo: $4,500 ndeyemakambani emotokari "akabatana" - GM, Ford neStellantis, Tesla nemamwe Makambani eMotokari. akamira pamukova.
Asi izvo, pamusoro peTesla, anga achitora 60% -80% yemusika wemotokari dzemagetsi wekuUS, makambani makuru matatu emuUS emotokari ane mutoro unorema, kusandura, uye kushomeka kwezvinhu zvinoputika zvinogona kurohwa. .Kuita kwagara kuri muhudyu.
Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hweICCT, kuchave ne59 nyowani magetsi emhando dziri kutengeswa mumusika weUS muna 2020, nepo China neEurope dzichipa mazana matatu nemazana masere emhando dzakateerana panguva imwe cheteyo.
Nezve data rekutengesa, kunyangwe kutengeswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi muUnited States kwakapetwa kaviri kusvika ku630,000 muna 2021, kutengesa muChina kwakapetwa katatu kusvika ku3.3 miriyoni, inoverengera inenge hafu yenyika yose;Kutengeswa kwakasimuka 65% kusvika 2.3 mamiriyoni emotokari.
Muhafu yekutanga yegore rino, mumamiriro ekudaidzira kwaBiden kwekukwira kwemitengo yemafuta, kutengeswa kwemotokari nyowani muUnited States kwakawedzera ne52%.%.
Sekureva kwevanoongorora maindasitiri, nekukasira kupinda kwemakambani emotokari akamiswa akadai seGM, Ford, Toyota, neVolkswagen, pamwe nemasimba matsva emagetsi akadai seRivian, zvinotarisirwa kuti muna 2022, huwandu hwemhando dzemotokari dzemagetsi muUnited States. Nyika dzichapfuura zana, uye inotarisirwa kupinda mumakwikwi pakati pezvikoro zana zvekufunga.F150-Lighting, R1T, Cybertruck, nezvimwewo ichazadza gaka mumusika wakachena wepikicha yemagetsi, uye Lyric, Mustang Mach-E, Wrangler uye mamwe mamodheru anotarisirwawo kuwedzera kukurumidza kupinda kwemusika weUS SUV.
Parizvino, US iri pachena imwe nzvimbo kumashure kana zvasvika kumotokari dzemagetsi.Parizvino, chiyero chekupinda chemusika mutsva wemotokari yemagetsi muUnited States ichiri padanho rakaderera re6.59%, nepo kupinza kwemotokari nyowani kuChina kwasvika 22%.
Sezvakataurwa naLi Qian, "Indasitiri yemotokari yemagetsi yeChina yanga ichikura mukurwira kwemakore akawanda.Mamiriro aripo ndeekuti United States inovimba nerutsigiro, uye China inovimba neshanduko uye iteration.Zvinojeka pakutarisa kuti ndiani ari maitiro.Makambani anogona kupona mumakwikwi aya angangove asina anokwikwidza pamusika wepasirese. "
Nekudaro, maitiro ekuchengetedza iyo yekutanga-mover mukana wemotokari dzemagetsi ndiyo inotariswa yekufunga kwedu mune ramangwana.Mushure mezvose, iyo track yemotokari dzesimba nyowani ichiri kureba, uye mumunda wehungwaru, machipisi edu achiri akanamatira.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-22-2022